| 高甜雯，代佳，曲方炳.幼儿心理理论与其良心三维度之间的关系研究[J].陕西学前师范学院学报,2023,39(8):69-77 |
| 幼儿心理理论与其良心三维度之间的关系研究 |
| The relationship between preschooler’s theory of mind and the three dimensions of conscience |
| 投稿时间：2023-05-30 修订日期：2023-06-14 |
| DOI：10. 11995/j. issn. 2095-770X. 2023. 08. 008 |
| 中文关键词: 心理理论 良心 道德推断 体验内疚 道德自我 |
| 英文关键词: Theory of mind Conscience Moral reasoning The ability to experience guilt Moral self |
| 基金项目:北京市教委社科一般项目（SM202010028010） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 良心作为道德发展的心理现象，一直被看作个体社会化的重要目标，其与幼儿重要的社会认知能力——心理理论关系密切。本研究选取56名幼儿作为被试，采用情景实验法和问卷法分别测量幼儿良心下道德推断（道德认知）、体验内疚（道德情感）及道德自我（道德行为）三个同维度的核心能力及其心理理论，探究3-5岁幼儿心理理论与其良心三维度发展之间的关系。研究结果表明，幼儿心理理论与良心三维度存在显著的性别与年龄差异，4-5岁幼儿的心理理论、道德推断与道德自我能力显著高于3-4岁幼儿，女生除以上能力外，其体验内疚能力也显著高于男生；幼儿心理理论与良心三维度发展呈显著正相关。较高心理理论的幼儿对无意违规者的意图和行为推断更加宽容，对有意违规者行为推断更加消极。另外，幼儿心理理论还显著正向预测了体验内疚能力与道德自我。建议教育者加强对幼儿违规敏感性的培养，采用说理方式引导幼儿内化规则，形成正确的道德自我概念。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Conscience, as a psychological phenomenon of morality, has always been regarded as the goal of positive socialization in early childhood and closely related to an important social cognitive ability---Theory of mind （TOM）. This study aims at explore the relationship between 3-5-year-old children’s TOM and their conscience in the three dimensions of moral cognition, moral emotion and moral behavior. A total of 56 children aged 3-5 were selected as subjects in this study. The situational experiment and the questionnaire were used to measure the core competencies of three different dimensions of conscience: moral reasoning, the ability to experience guilt, moral self and their TOM. The results show that （1）There are significant gender and age differences in TOM and conscience，4-5-year-old children’s TOM, moral reasoning and moral self are significantly higher than 3-4-year-old children. In addition to the above abilities, girls’ ability to experience guilt is also higher than that of boys. （2） There is a positive correlation between TOM and the three dimensions of conscience. Young children with higher TOM are more tolerant of judgement about intentions and actions of unintentional transgressor, and more negative in inferring actions of intentional transgressor. In addition, TOM positively predicted the moral self and the ability to experience guilt .With the growth of age, children’s TOM and conscience continue to enhance, and TOM positively predicted the development of their core competencies in the three dimensions of conscience. It is recommended that educators should strengthen the cultivation of children’s sensitivity to violations, use reasoning to guide children to internalize rules, and form a correct moral self-concept. |
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